Sonnet 3

Stone walls do not a prison make,
Nor iron bars a cage;
Minds innocent and quiet take
That for an hermitage;
If I have freedom in my love,
And in my soul am free,
Angels alone that soar above
Enjoy such liberty.
Richard Lovelace, “To Althea, from Prison” (1618 – 1657)


Sir Richard Lovelace wrote this about his understanding of the concept of freedom when he was incarcerated not once but twice for championing unpopular causes. I have begun this post with this quote because I too have come to understand that concept of freedom in ostensibly confining circumstances. However, the confines I wish to speak of do not have to do with mortar and brick, but of poetic convention.

The Shakespearian sonnet, like the other two sonnets of its time, the Petrarchan and the Spenserian, are bound by certain literary constraints. While they are all fourteen lines long, with the last two lines ending in a couplet, the Shakespearian sonnet has a rhyme scheme of ababcdcdefefgg. The first four lines of this sonnet introduce the theme, the second four expand it, the third four, called the turn, refocus it, and the last two leave the reader with the message. Sounds pretty confining to me. Yet it is not, or at least I do not find it so. There seems to be, like the freedom Richard Lovelace found in prison, an odd liberty within the confines. And a chance for creativity.

I have written over twenty of these sonnets over the last ten years, and have shared a few of them with you in past posts. Tonight I am sharing one about autumn.

Sonnet 3
Christopher Bogart

When autumn breezes whip through bright-hued leaves
And strip the bowing branches, bark and bare,
Their clatter can be heard from sheltered eaves
To the dark recesses of the black bats’ lair.
Air seems to be so crisp and colors bright,
As winds whip through the brittle brambles brown.
Dry leaves skitter scatter through half- light
To follow the last rays of the rouge sun down.
Soon deepening darkness will envelop all,
Save faded ribbons of pink that streak the sky,
Thin clouds that have followed the faded ball
As season, sunset and the day’s dusk die.
Fall is a feast our seasoned eyes must see,
For all our lives soon strip bare like a tree.